Control Statements and Loops in Arduino

 What are the Control Structure and Control Statements in Arduino?

• The control structure describes how the program's codes are organised to allow it to perform actions in response to certain conditions. 
• For example, if you want your programme to turn on an LED only when a sensor registers 60°C, you'll need to structure your code in such a way that it can accurately execute such a command.
• Program control structuring, often known as "control structure," is a way of enforcing such operations in a programme.
• Control statements are elements (functions) in a source code that control the flow of program execution, wait, jump, repeat, etc.

Control statements in arduino are as....

• If statement.
• Else statement.
• Else if statement.
• For statement.
• While statement.
• Do while statement.
• Switch case.
• Continue.

If statement:

• The conditional statement, known as the if (), is the base for all programming languages.
• If the condition in the code is true, the job or function that corresponds is executed. If a program's condition is true, it returns one value. If the condition is false, it also returns another value.
• The if () statement checks for a condition before executing a statement or a series of statements.
• Let's use a flow chart to help us understand the topic.

If statement in arduino

• It shows the process of executing a statement in detail. If the condition is False, the if () expression is exited. The function is run if the condition is true.
• The if () condition is expressed as follows:

if ( condition)  

{  

// include statements

// if the condition is true

// then performs the function.   

} 

Examples:

int a = 6; // initialization of values to variables a and b  

int b = 4;  

void setup()  

{  

Serial.begin(9600);   

}  

void loop()  

{  

  if (a > b )  

  {  

    Serial.println( " a is greater than b ");   

  }  

  if (b > a )  

  {  

    Serial.println( " b is greater than a ");   

  }  

}  

Expected Output: 

a is greater than b

Example 2:

const int LED1 = 2;  

const int LED2 = 13;  

int x = 80 ;  

void setup ( )  

{   

Serial.begin( 9600 );  

pinMode ( LED1, OUTPUT);  

pinMode ( LED2, OUTPUT);  

}  

void loop ( )  

{   

if ( x > 100 )  

{  

digitalWrite(LED1, HIGH);  

delay (500);  

}  

if ( x < 100 )  

{  

digitalWrite(LED2, HIGH);  

delay (500);  

}  

}  

The example is of two LEDs.

Arduino if-else and else-if