Computer Architecture and Hardware Maintenance

CAHM

 1. Hardware Organization of computer system

1.1 CPU organization.

• General register organization.
• Stack organization.
•  Instruction formats(three address, two address, one address, zero address and RISC instruction).
• Addressing modes: Immediate, register, direct, in direct, relative, indexed.

1.2 CPU Design: 

• Micro-programmed vs hard wired control.
• Reduced instruction set computers: CISC characteristics, RISC characteristics, and their comparison.

2. Memory organization

2.1 Memory Hierarchy

• RAM and ROM chips.
• Memory address map.
• Memory connections to CPU.
• Auxiliary memory: Magnetic disks and magnetic tapes.
• Associative memory.
• Cache memory.
• Virtual memory.
• Memory management hardware.
• Read and Write operation

3. Arithmetic Operations

3.1 Introduction.

• Addition.
• Subtraction.
• Half Adder and Full Adder.
• Multiplication and Division algorithm.

4. I/O Organization

4.1 Basis Input output system(BIOS)

• Function of BIOS.
• Testing and initialization.
• Configuring the system.

4.2 Modes of Data Transfer

• Programmed I/O : Synchronous, asynchronous and interrupt initiated.
• DMA data transfer

5. 8085 Microprocessor 

5.1 Introduction.

• Architecture.
• Pin diagram.
• Comparison with 8086.

6. Architecture of multi processor systems

6.1 Forms of parallel processing.

• Parallel processing and pipelines.
• Basic characteristics of multiprocessor.
• General purpose multiprocessors.

6.2 Interconnection networks.

• Pipelining.
• Time shared common bus.
• Multi port memory.
• Cross bar switch.
• Multi stage switching networks and hyper cube structures.