Introduction to Breadboard

A breadboard is a plastic board with many small holes that is used to create and test circuits.
It has holes on it that are joined internally in a certain manner, as illustrated in the image below.
The green line connecting the holes indicates that they are linked inside. Power is represented by the red line, which is generally linked to the power rail.
Ground is represented by the blue line, which is generally linked to the circuit's ground.
Decade Counters and other ICs can be positioned in the middle of the breadboard to share the first eight pins with the yellow line and the second eight pins with the green line.
Brief History: Wire-wrap technology was used to design, fabricate, and test electronic circuits and prototypes in the 1960s. The components (big electronics parts) were then attached to the larger boards (like wooden boards used for bread slicing) via wires, pins, or thumbtacks. These circuit boards are known as breadboards, but their formal term is solderless breadboards. These solderless breadboards are made up of holes that are used to place component terminals, and then wires are used to link the holes together.

Bread Board

How to Make a Circuit with a Breadboard?

Follow the circuit schematic and connect one component in a line to utilise a breadboard for your circuit.
After double-checking all of the connections, attach the battery last. Keep a look out for typical blunders like mixing ground and supply, connecting to the wrong rail, and not correctly setting ICs, among others.
On a breadboard, we created a circuit for a glowing LED as shown in the diagram below.

How to use Breadboard

Breadboard Connections Basics.

When we first see a breadboard, we may think it's going to be a difficult task to connect the circuit since it has multiple holes that can be confusing.
In reality, once we understand the fundamentals of breadboard connections, connecting the circuit is a breeze.
Positive (one row of first and last two) and negative (two rows of first and last two) are utilised on the first two rows (top) and final two rows (bottom) of the breadboard, respectively (another row of first and last two).

Breadboard Connection

The initial (top) and last (bottom) two rows of the breadboard are horizontally connected internally, with 5 holes in each column (total of 10 columns).
If the power supply terminal is linked to one of the top or bottom rows (one of the two rows), the same electric power can be drawn from the next five holes in the same column.