Demonstration of Motherboard

• One of the most crucial components of a computer system is the motherboard. It holds together a lot of the essential parts of a computer, such as the memory, connectors for input and output devices, and the central processor unit (CPU). 
• A very stiff layer of non-conductive material, usually rigid plastic, serves as the motherboard's basis. 
• Traces—thin layers of copper or aluminium foil—are imprinted on this sheet. These traces, which connect the various components, are incredibly narrow. 
• A motherboard also includes a number of sockets and slots for connecting other components.

Motherboard components

1. You would probably become very perplexed by all the various components if you tried to open up your computer and remove the motherboard. 
2. It can resemble this depending on the brand and type of your computer.
3. However, it is useful to understand some of the more crucial components and how the motherboard links the many components of a computer system. Typical components include the following:

• CPU socket
• Memory slots
• SATA connector (Storage)
• Power connector
• Chipset
• Floppy connector
• IO Chip
• Rear fan connector
• Chassis fan connector
• IO connectors
• USB ports
• Audio connector
• IDE connector
• CMOS battery header
• PCI peripheral component interconnect slots
• Nonvolatile memory (ROM) to hold the Boot program
• Clock generator to synchronize with components
• Expansion card slot

1. A CPU socket - the actual CPU is directly soldered onto the socket. Since high speed CPUs generate a lot of heat, there are heat sinks and mounting points for fans right next to the CPU socket.
2. A power connector to distribute power to the CPU and other components.
3. Slots for the system's main memory, typically in the form of DRAM chips.
4. A chip forms an interface between the CPU, the main memory and other components. On many types of motherboards, this is referred to as the Northbridge. This chip also contains a large heat sink.
5. A second chip controls the input and output (I/O) functions. It is not connected directly to the CPU but to the Northbridge. This I/O controller is referred to as the Southbridge. The Northbridge and Southbridge combined are referred to as the chipset.
6. Several connectors, which provide the physical interface between input and output devices and the motherboard. The Southbridge handles these connections.
7. Slots for one or more hard drives to store files. The most common types of connections are Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) and Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA).
8. A read-only memory (ROM) chip, which contains the firmware, or startup instructions for the computer system. This is also called the BIOS.
9. A slot for a video or graphics card. There are a number of different types of slots, including the Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) and Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe).
10. Additional slots to connect hardware in the form of Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) slots.
11. There are certainly a lot of acronyms to get used to! Don't worry too much about trying to remember all the parts and their acronyms. The key is to remember that the motherboard contains the central processing unit, the memory, and all the connectors to the rest of the hardware of the computer system. The board is the 'mother' of all components - that's where it gets its name.

There are some basic types of Motherboard

AT Motherboard

• These motherboards are not appropriate for the mini desktop category of PCs since they have larger physical dimensions that range in the hundreds of millimeters. An additional barrier to installing new drivers is larger physical size. 
• In these motherboards, the power connectors come in the form of sockets and six-pin plugs. Users have trouble connecting to and using these power connectors since they are difficult to identify.
• In the 1980s, this style of motherboard was popular and had a long shelf life.

ATX Motherboard

• ATX indicates It was an upgraded version of a previous AT motherboard that was created by Intel in the 1990s using advanced technologies. 
• When compared to AT, it is smaller in size and offers interchangeability for the connected components.

LPX Motherboard

• There were two upgrades from the previous boards. The first is the relocation of the input and output ports to the back, and the second is the addition of the Riser card to allow for more slots and simpler connection. 
• The AT motherboard used a few of these features. The biggest drawback of this board is the direct connection to PCI caused by the absence of Accelerated Graphic Port (AGP) slots. In NLX boards, problems with these motherboards were fixed.

BTX Motherboard

• Balanced Technology Extended (BTX) is designed to manage the demands of emerging technologies in terms of higher power requirements and consequently higher heat generation. 
• Midway through the 2000s, Intel ceased future BTX board development to concentrate on low power CPU.

Pico BTX motherboard

• The word "Pico" refers to the tiny size of these boards. The upper half of BTX is shared by two expansion slots, however they are still supported. 
• It satisfies the requirements of digital applications and has distinctive features such as half-height or riser cards.

Mini ITX motherboard

• Compared to prior generations, it is a smaller version of the motherboard. Its size is 17 by 17 cm, and it was created in the early 2000s. mostly utilized in small form factor (SFF) computers because of its quicker cooling capacity and lower power consumption. 
• Due to its reduced level of fan noise, which will raise the caliber of the theater system, this motherboard is the most popular in the home theater industry.

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